Major chord - constructed using a major triad (Root, 3^rd and 5^th), plus major seventh. Example: CMaj7

Dominant chord - the same structure of the major chord, but moving the seventh a half-step down to a minor seventh. Example: C7

Minor chord - now using the structure of the dominant chord with the minor third. Example: Cm7

Half-diminished chord - the same structure of the minor chord, but using diminished fifth. Example: Cm7(b5)

Diminished chord - you create a diminished chord by moving the seventh degree a half-step down from the same structure of the half-diminished chord. Example: C°

You can find other kinds of chords moving up or down these basics ingredients, or adding other ones to the structure.

Enjoy!

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